| National
Science Education Standards
Life Science Content Standard C: As a result of their activities
in grades 5-8, all students should develop understanding of
structure and function in living systems. Principles that
underlie this standard include structure and functions of
cells, tissues, organs, systems for movement, control, and
coordination. A behavioral response requires coordination
and communication at many levels, including cells, organ systems,
and whole organisms. (pp. 155-157)
AAAS Benchmarks
Human Organism Basic Functions Grades 3-5: At this level,
children can begin to view the body as a system, in which
parts do things for other parts and for the organism as a
whole. Models help children to see and touch the internal
organs and to know where they are located in the body. They
can begin to understand that each organ affects and is affected
by others. By the end of 5th grade, students should know that
the brain gets signals from all parts of the body telling
what is going on there. The brain also sends signals to parts
of the body to influence what they do. (p. 136)
Human Identity Grades 6-8: By the end of the 8th grade, students
should know that human beings have body systems for providing
coordination of body systems. (p. 129) "Students can now develop
more sophisticated understandings of how organs and organ
systems work together." This includes circulation of and transportation
by blood, and the carrying of messages by nerves to help the
organism respond to its environment. "Asking 'What if?' questions
such as 'What might happen if some other parts weren't there
or weren't working?' can stimulate students to reflect on
connections among organs." (p. 137) By the end of the 8th
grade, students should know that interactions among the senses,
nerves, and brain make possible the learning that enables
human beings to cope with changes in their environment.
National Science Teachers Association Scope Sequence
and Coordination
"At the 6-8 grade level, the curriculum should emphasize the
human organism." (p. 48) Students should explore the different
systems.
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